【谷騰環保網訊】能(neng)源安全(quan)是關系國(guo)家經濟社會(hui)發展的全(quan)局(ju)(ju)性、戰(zhan)略性問題，對(dui)國(guo)家繁榮發展、人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)活改(gai)善(shan)、社會(hui)長治(zhi)久安至關重要。世界(jie)百年變(bian)局(ju)(ju)加(jia)速演進(jin)，大國(guo)博弈、局(ju)(ju)部沖(chong)突和動(dong)蕩加(jia)劇等因(yin)素交織(zhi)影響，世界(jie)能(neng)源發展格局(ju)(ju)進(jin)入深(shen)度調整期。

深刻認識國(guo)際能源安全出(chu)現的新形(xing)勢。當前，世界能源安全出(chu)現傳統安全和非(fei)傳統安全交織現象(xiang)，國(guo)際能源安全形(xing)勢加(jia)速(su)演變。

一方面(mian)(mian)，在(zai)傳統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)領域，石油(you)(you)和天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)供需格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)局(ju)變(bian)化、國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)幅(fu)波(bo)動(dong)、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)礦產(chan)需求(qiu)迅速增長(chang)等(deng)因素導致能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)不確定性(xing)增加(jia)(jia)。一是世界油(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)供需格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)局(ju)發(fa)生深(shen)刻調整。烏克(ke)(ke)蘭危機(ji)爆發(fa)以來，歐(ou)盟主動(dong)與俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)脫(tuo)鉤，歐(ou)洲改為從北美(mei)、中(zhong)東(dong)等(deng)地區進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)油(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)油(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)出口(kou)(kou)貿易流向呈現“向東(dong)走”的(de)(de)態勢；在(zai)新一輪巴以沖(chong)(chong)(chong)突持續外(wai)(wai)溢背(bei)景下，紅(hong)海(hai)地區的(de)(de)石油(you)(you)運(yun)輸通道面(mian)(mian)臨來自胡(hu)塞武裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)威脅(xie)，給石油(you)(you)海(hai)上運(yun)輸造成巨大(da)風險。近年(nian)來，地緣政治沖(chong)(chong)(chong)突促(cu)使全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)油(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易不確定性(xing)大(da)幅(fu)增加(jia)(jia)，對(dui)(dui)我國(guo)(guo)石油(you)(you)、天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)供應保障形成明顯壓(ya)力(li)。二是國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)幅(fu)波(bo)動(dong)。2020年(nian)4月，受新冠疫情影響(xiang)，國(guo)(guo)際(ji)原油(you)(you)期貨價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)首次跌至(zhi)負(fu)值(zhi)。2022年(nian)2月，俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)出口(kou)(kou)遭西方制(zhi)裁，國(guo)(guo)際(ji)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)供應減(jian)(jian)少(shao)，天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)幅(fu)上漲、劇烈波(bo)動(dong)。同時，“歐(ou)佩克(ke)(ke)+”頻頻實施減(jian)(jian)產(chan)措施及延長(chang)減(jian)(jian)產(chan)時限，給國(guo)(guo)際(ji)油(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)走勢增添未知變(bian)數。國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)不確定性(xing)，對(dui)(dui)我國(guo)(guo)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本造成沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)。2022年(nian)1—2月，我國(guo)(guo)原油(you)(you)和天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)均出現量(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)增的(de)(de)局(ju)面(mian)(mian)，其中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)原油(you)(you)8513.8萬噸、金(jin)額506.734億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)，進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)4.9%，但進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)金(jin)額大(da)幅(fu)增加(jia)(jia)43.0%；天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)共(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)1985.8萬噸、金(jin)額131.987億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)，進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)3.8%，但進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上漲81.6%。三是新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)礦產(chan)需求(qiu)快速增加(jia)(jia)。近年(nian)來，我國(guo)(guo)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車、鋰(li)(li)電池、光伏產(chan)品“新三樣”蓬勃發(fa)展。國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)署(shu)《2024年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)電動(dong)汽(qi)車展望》指出，2023年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)電動(dong)汽(qi)車銷(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)接近1400萬輛，占(zhan)汽(qi)車總銷(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)18%，其中(zhong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)汽(qi)車制(zhi)造商生產(chan)的(de)(de)電動(dong)汽(qi)車占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)銷(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)一半以上。國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)署(shu)《2023年(nian)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)》報告(gao)指出，2023年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)新增裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)比上年(nian)增長(chang)50%、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏占(zhan)四分之三，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)當于2022年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)，風電裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)同比增長(chang)66%。可以看到，未來電動(dong)汽(qi)車電池所需的(de)(de)鎳、錳(meng)、鋰(li)(li)、鈷(gu)等(deng)礦產(chan)，以及電力(li)裝(zhuang)備所需的(de)(de)銅、鋁等(deng)礦產(chan)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)將大(da)幅(fu)增加(jia)(jia)。然(ran)而，因資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦等(deng)原因，我國(guo)(guo)鎳、鈷(gu)、鉻、鉿等(deng)礦產(chan)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)依存(cun)(cun)度超過(guo)90%，錳(meng)、鈹、鋯(gao)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)依存(cun)(cun)度超過(guo)80%。隨(sui)著(zhu)關鍵(jian)礦產(chan)成為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)間博弈的(de)(de)“武器”，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)問(wen)題政治化日益凸顯，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障壓(ya)力(li)增大(da)。

另一(yi)方面，在非傳統能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全領域(yu)，網(wang)絡(luo)攻(gong)擊、極端(duan)天氣(qi)、新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展等(deng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統穩定性帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)增(zeng)加(jia)。近年來，針對(dui)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)攻(gong)擊事(shi)件(jian)屢見不鮮，尤其是(shi)通過植入芯片(pian)、網(wang)絡(luo)遠程操控(kong)電(dian)(dian)子設備等(deng)襲擊行(xing)(xing)為成為能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全保障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。氣(qi)候變化作為影(ying)響(xiang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新風險(xian)逐漸凸顯，當前全球變暖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)形勢(shi)愈發(fa)嚴(yan)峻，2023年成為全球有記(ji)錄以來最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年份。極端(duan)天氣(qi)和(he)氣(qi)候事(shi)件(jian)更(geng)加(jia)頻繁(fan)，導致能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性、可靠性受到挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。2024年7月(yue)，美國休(xiu)斯敦遭(zao)遇颶風“貝麗爾”襲擊，超百萬(wan)用戶陷入停電(dian)(dian)困境。新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展給電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全壓力(li)明顯增(zeng)大(da)(da)。分布式光伏和(he)風電(dian)(dian)機組分布日(ri)益(yi)廣(guang)泛，電(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)脈沖型負(fu)荷(he)增(zeng)長(chang)不斷增(zeng)加(jia)，需(xu)要電(dian)(dian)網(wang)更(geng)加(jia)頻繁(fan)滿(man)足瞬時高負(fu)荷(he)需(xu)求，配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)區(qu)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷(he)實時匹配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)度加(jia)大(da)(da)，給電(dian)(dian)力(li)調度和(he)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)穩定運(yun)行(xing)(xing)帶(dai)來新挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。

新(xin)形勢(shi)下我國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)需遵循新(xin)要(yao)(yao)求。接下來，深化能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場體(ti)制改(gai)革(ge)，既要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)思維、統(tong)(tong)籌部署，又要(yao)(yao)突(tu)出重點、解決(jue)(jue)主要(yao)(yao)矛盾。一是處理(li)好(hao)碳(tan)減排(pai)與安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。2023年(nian)，我國(guo)(guo)煤炭消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)占(zhan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重為(wei)(wei)55.3%。在以(yi)煤為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)結構(gou)短(duan)期內(nei)難以(yi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)根本改(gai)變、煤電(dian)(dian)在保(bao)障(zhang)我國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方面(mian)還將發(fa)(fa)揮“兜底”作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)先立后破，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強煤炭清潔(jie)(jie)高效利用，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設新(xin)型能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。要(yao)(yao)健全(quan)(quan)(quan)綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)機(ji)制，規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設新(xin)型能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，積極穩妥推(tui)進“雙碳(tan)”工作(zuo)，把(ba)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)新(xin)戰(zhan)略與“雙碳(tan)”目標協同(tong)推(tui)進，實現綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。二(er)是構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。伴隨(sui)著光伏、風電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)幅增加(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)使用，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)性和(he)間(jian)歇性導(dao)致大(da)面(mian)積電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)靠運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險上升。同(tong)時，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)理(li)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)深刻變化，由(you)“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隨(sui)荷(he)動(dong)(dong)”轉變為(wei)(wei)“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲”。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術基礎也發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)重大(da)變化，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)穩定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)面(mian)臨前(qian)所未有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)，凸顯了新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迫切要(yao)(yao)求。對(dui)此，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快構(gou)建(jian)清潔(jie)(jie)低(di)碳(tan)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)充裕、經(jing)濟高效、供需協同(tong)、靈(ling)活智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，更好(hao)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)消(xiao)費(fei)革(ge)命，保(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。三(san)是推(tui)進國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)現代(dai)化。當今全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)地緣政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟、科技、治理(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)等正經(jing)歷深刻變化，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局勢(shi)將更加(jia)(jia)(jia)錯綜(zong)復(fu)雜，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)世界主要(yao)(yao)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優先關切。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)大(da)報告把(ba)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)推(tui)進國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)現代(dai)化、堅決(jue)(jue)維護國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)社會穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容。保(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)站在戰(zhan)略和(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度，堅定(ding)不移貫(guan)徹(che)總(zong)體(ti)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)觀(guan)，強化能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)支撐(cheng)作(zuo)用。

加快規劃建設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系。面對(dui)世界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供需格(ge)局新(xin)(xin)變化(hua)、國際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展新(xin)(xin)趨(qu)勢，面對(dui)經(jing)濟社會發展、人民對(dui)美好生活的(de)向往(wang)以及“雙碳”目標對(dui)高水平能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)保障提(ti)出的(de)更高要求，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應要實現安全可靠、綠(lv)(lv)色低碳、經(jing)濟可承受。破(po)解(jie)這(zhe)個安全—綠(lv)(lv)色—經(jing)濟“不可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)三角”難題，根本(ben)上要靠構建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系是以新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)，以清潔高效(xiao)利用傳統(tong)化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為輔，加快能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展方(fang)式綠(lv)(lv)色轉型(xing)(xing)，以能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費側變革、供給(gei)側變革、技術革命帶動產業升級、體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)變革和加強全方(fang)位國際合作，貫(guan)穿(chuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生產、加工(gong)、轉化(hua)、輸配、利用全環節的(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系。當前，我國正處在傳統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系向新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系轉型(xing)(xing)的(de)關鍵期，要通過進一步全面深(shen)化(hua)改革，打破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)障礙，為中國式現代化(hua)提(ti)供有力(li)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)支撐。

深(shen)入推進(jin)節能(neng)(neng)低碳，加(jia)快形成能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)新方式(shi)。貫徹(che)實施節約優先(xian)的基本國(guo)策，推動各領(ling)域能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用效率逐步達(da)到國(guo)際先(xian)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，推動綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)效水(shui)(shui)平(ping)逐步趕上發達(da)國(guo)家平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。推動傳統(tong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業轉(zhuan)型升級，加(jia)強煤炭清潔高效利用，優化(hua)天然(ran)氣(qi)終(zhong)端消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。加(jia)快轉(zhuan)變(bian)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方式(shi)，實現(xian)生產(chan)、轉(zhuan)化(hua)、傳輸和消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)產(chan)業鏈的污染物排放持續減少，以及二氧化(hua)碳排放強度(du)持續下降。促進(jin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)新模式(shi)、新業態不斷涌現(xian)，鼓勵(li)發展聚合運營商(shang)等新消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，支(zhi)持能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)逐步向產(chan)銷者(zhe)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，由消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)自由選擇(ze)、自主消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)商(shang)品。

堅持安(an)全和經濟可(ke)承受(shou)并重(zhong)(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)快形成能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)新結構。加(jia)(jia)快轉變(bian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)結構，不斷增強能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統韌性，以應對(dui)極(ji)端(duan)事件、極(ji)端(duan)天氣(qi)頻發(fa)，以及網(wang)絡攻擊等具(ju)有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)影(ying)響(xiang)力的(de)(de)風(feng)險挑戰。持續優化能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)應結構，有(you)(you)效(xiao)保障(zhang)傳統油氣(qi)進口、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)礦產供(gong)(gong)應，在(zai)更(geng)廣范圍(wei)、更(geng)高(gao)(gao)水(shui)平上保障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全。在(zai)堅持先立后破的(de)(de)同時，加(jia)(jia)快發(fa)展光伏、風(feng)電等可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，積極(ji)穩妥發(fa)展核電、水(shui)電，加(jia)(jia)速部署儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)力度推動(dong)氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業發(fa)展，有(you)(you)序提(ti)高(gao)(gao)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)應系(xi)統中的(de)(de)占比。持續推動(dong)降本增效(xiao)，穩定終端(duan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)價格，避免用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成本過快上升。

推動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快實(shi)現科(ke)學技(ji)術(shu)(shu)新進(jin)步。推進(jin)傳統能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在供應與(yu)使用全產業鏈(lian)條上(shang)的高水平協同(tong)，實(shi)現多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補(bu)、集(ji)成優(you)化(hua)和(he)“源(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲”協調運行，以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產供儲銷體(ti)系穩(wen)定發展。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快利(li)用5G、人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)、區塊鏈(lian)、大(da)模型等(deng)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)改造已有能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)的開發、生產、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)、轉換、運輸、配送、存儲、銷售、利(li)用等(deng)各(ge)環節(jie)，逐步形成具有數智化(hua)功能(neng)(neng)的智慧能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統，大(da)幅(fu)提升分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)與(yu)集(ji)中式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)業態、多(duo)(duo)場景的靈活程度。以(yi)綠色低碳為(wei)方向，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快推動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新，聚(ju)焦能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)關鍵(jian)領域(yu)(yu)和(he)重大(da)需求，強化(hua)關鍵(jian)共性技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、顛(dian)覆(fu)性技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新，并(bing)與(yu)其他領域(yu)(yu)高新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)緊密結(jie)合，把能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)及其關聯(lian)產業培育成為(wei)帶動(dong)(dong)我國產業升級的新增長點。

持續(xu)深(shen)化體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)改革，加快形成體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)新(xin)模式。逐步建(jian)成天然氣、電力“X+1+X”完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)產業(ye)體(ti)系，期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)、現貨(huo)及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)市場(chang)交易體(ti)系，構建(jian)起統一(yi) 開放、競爭有序、制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)完(wan)(wan)備、治(zhi)理(li)完(wan)(wan)善的(de)高標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)能源(yuan)(yuan)市場(chang)體(ti)系。積極(ji)推(tui)進(jin)能源(yuan)(yuan)價格改革，加快建(jian)立充分反映(ying)資源(yuan)(yuan)稀(xi)缺程度(du)(du)(du)、供(gong)需關系和環境外部性的(de)煤炭、石油(you)、天然氣、電力等(deng)能源(yuan)(yuan)價格形成機(ji)制(zhi)。進(jin)一(yi)步提高能源(yuan)(yuan)科學管(guan)理(li)和服務(wu)水平(ping)，從規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃、監(jian)管(guan)、服務(wu)等(deng)多方面協同推(tui)進(jin)能源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)與(yu)監(jian)管(guan)工作，強化規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃引導，完(wan)(wan)善能源(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃體(ti)系，適(shi)應新(xin)型能源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系建(jian)設新(xin)要(yao)求。健全(quan)能源(yuan)(yuan)轉型法(fa)律制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)體(ti)系，及(ji)時(shi)清理(li)、修訂現行法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)中(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)能源(yuan)(yuan)綠色低碳轉型目標(biao)不(bu)一(yi)致、不(bu)協調的(de)內(nei)容，不(bu)斷完(wan)(wan)善能源(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)相關法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)、標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系、管(guan)理(li)政策，為各類(lei)主體(ti)營造穩(wen)定(ding)公平(ping)透明可預(yu)期(qi)(qi)的(de)發(fa)展環境。

進(jin)一(yi)步加強國(guo)際(ji)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，加快打造國(guo)際(ji)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)新高度。高質量推(tui)進(jin)共(gong)建“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”能(neng)源合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)伙(huo)伴關(guan)系，積極推(tui)動清(qing)潔能(neng)源國(guo)際(ji)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)項目落地，加強綠(lv)色低碳技術(shu)和標準體系國(guo)際(ji)銜接互認。進(jin)一(yi)步加強雙邊、多(duo)邊合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，立(li)足共(gong)商共(gong)建共(gong)享實現(xian)能(neng)源國(guo)際(ji)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，使(shi)國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源安(an)全得到(dao)有效保障。深度參與(yu)全球(qiu)能(neng)源治(zhi)理，不斷(duan)增(zeng)強中國(guo)在(zai)全球(qiu)能(neng)源治(zhi)理和氣候(hou)治(zhi)理領(ling)域(yu)話語權，成為全球(qiu)應對氣候(hou)變化和綠(lv)色低碳轉型(xing)的積極參與(yu)者、貢獻者和引領(ling)者。

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