摘要：針對精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)難以(yi)穩定達(da)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀(zhuang)，采(cai)用國家標準方法、離子色(se)譜、ICP/MS、GC/MS 等(deng)分析(xi)手段研(yan)究(jiu)了(le)浙江省某工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業園(yuan)區(qu)精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)COD、BOD、氨氮(dan)(dan)、色(se)度(du)(du)等(deng)常規指標及(ji)主(zhu)要陰(yin)陽(yang)離子和(he)有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)組成(cheng)，從(cong)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)與(yu)生物(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)揭示(shi)了(le)精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)特(te)性(xing)，并(bing)提(ti)出了(le)針對精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)略(lve)。研(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)(jie)果表明，精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)一種典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)有毒/難降解(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業有機(ji)(ji)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，呈現(xian)高COD、高氨氮(dan)(dan)及(ji)高色(se)度(du)(du)等(deng)特(te)征；精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)對微生物(wu)構(gou)成(cheng)危害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要成(cheng)分有COD、氨氮(dan)(dan)、部分重金(jin)屬離子、染(ran)料及(ji)其分解(jie)物(wu)等(deng)，重點是(shi)有機(ji)(ji)污染(ran)物(wu)；精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機(ji)(ji)成(cheng)分大(da)多屬于有毒/難降解(jie)有機(ji)(ji)污染(ran)物(wu)，對生物(wu)系統存在嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作用，是(shi)造成(cheng)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)不達(da)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因。因此(ci)，對精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)，應著重對有毒/難降解(jie)有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)進行優先控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)綜合(he)考慮高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質結(jie)(jie)構(gou)及(ji)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)性(xing)策(ce)略(lve)。

關鍵詞：精細化工廢水(shui)；污(wu)染(ran)(ran)特性；污(wu)染(ran)(ran)控制；控制策略

近年(nian)來，大(da)力(li)(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)已成為世(shi)界(jie)各國(guo)調(diao)整化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)結構、提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)能級和(he)(he)擴大(da)經濟效益(yi)的(de)(de)戰略重(zhong)點。根據統計，全世(shi)界(jie)近年(nian)精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)超過10 萬種(zhong)(zhong)，美國(guo)、西歐和(he)(he)日本(ben)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)家的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)率達到60%～70%；我國(guo)精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)門類也已達25個，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)達3萬多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)，精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)(li)近13 500kt/a，年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量約9700 kt[1]。精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)典型產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，如(ru)染(ran)(ran)(ran)料、醫(yi)藥、化(hua)纖及(ji)(ji)農藥等(deng)(deng)在生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)具(ju)有(you)(you)組(zu)成成分(fen)復(fu)雜、污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)濃度高及(ji)(ji)對(dui)自(zi)然環境和(he)(he)人類健康產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生嚴重(zhong)危害(hai)等(deng)(deng)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，其綜合治(zhi)理(li)(li)一(yi)直是環境領域中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)難題[2－5]。目前國(guo)內外的(de)(de)研究(jiu)大(da)多(duo)都限于(yu)單(dan)一(yi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)（如(ru)染(ran)(ran)(ran)料廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)、制藥廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)(deng)）的(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)技術(shu)和(he)(he)理(li)(li)論，而對(dui)隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)集成化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)必然形(xing)成的(de)(de)復(fu)雜工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)集中(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li)技術(shu)與方(fang)法則考慮不多(duo)；且比較側重(zhong)于(yu)關注(zhu)精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)高含(han)量有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)及(ji)(ji)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)氨(an)氮、硫化(hua)物(wu)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)色度等(deng)(deng)宏觀指標(biao)的(de)(de)控制，對(dui)離子組(zu)分(fen)、金屬成分(fen)及(ji)(ji)微量的(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)分(fen)幾乎沒有(you)(you)涉及(ji)(ji)，不能從(cong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)結構所(suo)表達的(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)進行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)分(fen)析，從(cong)而影響了(le)高效、穩定的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)技術(shu)體系的(de)(de)建立。本(ben)文作者以(yi)浙(zhe)江省某工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園區精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)為研究(jiu)對(dui)象，通(tong)過水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)全分(fen)析，從(cong)化(hua)學(xue)、生物(wu)學(xue)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平方(fang)面(mian)(mian)分(fen)析該精(jing)(jing)細化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，并(bing)以(yi)分(fen)析結果作為依據提(ti)(ti)出適(shi)宜的(de)(de)達標(biao)控制策略，希(xi)望能為我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園區發展(zhan)(zhan)規劃過程中(zhong)(zhong)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)控制管(guan)理(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)供有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)思路。

  使用微信“掃一掃”功能添加“谷騰環保網”

相關文章