摘要：采(cai)用(yong)(yong)EGSB + SPMBR組合(he)工藝(yi)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)處理(li)豆制品廢水。試驗表明：EGSB和SPMBR工藝(yi)均(jun)具有抗沖(chong)擊能力強(qiang)，容積(ji)(ji)負荷(he)率(lv)(lv)高,有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)高等特點。EGSB在厭氧消化作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，對高濃度(du)(du)有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)的(de)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)起(qi)到主要貢(gong)獻，為后單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)運行(xing)提供了良好條(tiao)件，SPMBR在進一步深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)降解有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)，系統穩定運行(xing)方面發揮著重要作用(yong)(yong)，兩者的(de)有機(ji)(ji)結合(he)，獲得(de)(de)理(li)想的(de)有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)。EGSB在中溫（32～370C）條(tiao)件下(xia)，容積(ji)(ji)負荷(he)達10kg/m3.d，有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)在85%以上，總氮(dan)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)在35%左(zuo)(zuo)右；SPMBR在環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)甚至低于150C的(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)，仍(reng)獲得(de)(de)有機(ji)(ji)物(wu)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)在95%以上，出水COD值均(jun)低于50mg/L，氨氮(dan)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)在35%左(zuo)(zuo)右，總氮(dan)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)在30～60%之(zhi)間。

關鍵詞：厭(yan)氧(yang)膨脹污泥(ni)床(chuang)反應器;浸沒式平板膜(mo)生物反應器;豆(dou)制(zhi)品廢水(shui);深度處理

Research on of the advanced treatment of high strength soybean processing wastewater with EGSB +SPMBR reactor

Abstract: In this paper, Expanded Granular Sludge Bed process and SPMBR process were integrated to treat soybean waster water, and the efficiency of this integration process was investigated. The results showed that both EGSB and SPMBR process had the features of good impact-resistance ability, high volume load and high level of organics removal, etc. Due to anaerobic digestion in EGSB process, even waste water containing a large amount of organic substances could be degraded to a lower level, which made it suitable for the further treatment.  SPMBR was right for deep degradation, and played an important role in maintaining the stability of whole system. Integration of these two processes reinforced the efficiency of wastewater treatment, and high organic removal efficiency could be obtained. During ESGB phase in the temperature of 32～370C, the volume load of the EGSB reached 10 kg/m3.d, the organics removal could reached above 85%, and the removal of NH3-N was about 35%. In the following phase, the effluent of EGSB entered SPMBR for further treatment. The treatment results showed that even in the lower temperature of 150C, higher quality effluent could be achieved. The organic removal was above 95%, NH3-N removal was about 35%, and T-N removal was in the range of 30% ~ 60%, COD value of effluent was below 50mg/L.

Keyword: Expanded Granular Sludge Bed; submerged plate membrane bioreactor; soybean processing wastewater; advanced treatment

食品(pin)工業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)是我國水(shui)(shui)體(ti)重(zhong)大(da)污(wu)染源之(zhi)一(yi)，也是我國水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)的重(zhong)點。豆制(zhi)品(pin)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)有機含(han)量高(gao)，COD一(yi)般在(zai)10000~20000 mg/L[1]，而且N、P含(han)量也較(jiao)高(gao)，直接排放對水(shui)(shui)體(ti)危害嚴重(zhong)。隨著環(huan)境成為(wei)人們越來越關注的話題(ti)，城(cheng)鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理廠污(wu)染物排放標準的進一(yi)步提升，迫切(qie)需要對現有技術的升級(ji)和優化，滿(man)足更(geng)優的出水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。

厭氧(yang)(yang)膨脹污泥床(chuang)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(Expanded Granular Sludge Bed，簡稱EGSB)是一種20世紀80年(nian)代(dai)后期(qi)在(zai)上(shang)流式厭氧(yang)(yang)污泥床(chuang)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket，簡稱UASB)的基礎上(shang)研究開發的第三代(dai)高效厭氧(yang)(yang)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器，具有(you)占地(di)面積小(xiao)、抗沖擊能力(li)強等(deng)優點[2]，廣泛應(ying)(ying)用于處理各類高濃(nong)度有(you)機廢水。

浸(jin)沒式平(ping)板膜(mo)(mo)生物反應(ying)器（submerged plate membrane bioreactor，簡稱(cheng)SPMBR）是將平(ping)板膜(mo)(mo)技術與(yu)污(wu)(wu)水生物處理技術相(xiang)結合的(de)工藝[3-5]。該工藝采用(yong)浸(jin)沒式的(de)方式，所用(yong)膜(mo)(mo)為平(ping)板膜(mo)(mo)。其特點是平(ping)板濾(lv)膜(mo)(mo)對(dui)微(wei)生物的(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)截留(liu)，促使生化池內能承受較(jiao)大的(de)有(you)機負荷。在(zai)高(gao)濃度(du)的(de)活性(xing)污(wu)(wu)泥環境下(xia)，膜(mo)(mo)對(dui)難降解大分子有(you)機物的(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)截留(liu)，隨著(zhu)活性(xing)污(wu)(wu)泥濃度(du)的(de)累積提高(gao)，微(wei)生物在(zai)好氧環境下(xia)新陳代謝，對(dui)生化池內有(you)機物進行更徹底的(de)消耗；同時濾(lv)膜(mo)(mo)能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)截留(liu)世代周期長的(de)硝化菌，使系統具有(you)更高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)硝化能力(li)和氨氮去除率，保證最終(zhong)出水達到排(pai)放要求。平(ping)板膜(mo)(mo)主要特點是穩定性(xing)好，抗污(wu)(wu)染能力(li)強，清(qing)洗更換(huan)方便等。

EGSB厭氧(yang)(yang)工(gong)藝(yi)和(he)SPMBR好(hao)氧(yang)(yang)工(gong)藝(yi)是目前先進的(de)生(sheng)化處理工(gong)藝(yi)，均(jun)具有占地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)小，容積(ji)(ji)負荷(he)率(lv)高，抗沖擊能力(li)強等特點。本試驗(yan)通(tong)過(guo)EGSB+SPMBR工(gong)藝(yi)處理豆制品廢水的(de)研究，主要考察了系(xi)統CODcr,BOD5,NH3-N,T-N的(de)去(qu)除情況(kuang)，為(wei)深度處理廢水提(ti)供(gong)技術(shu)(shu)路線，為(wei)進一步深入研究提(ti)供(gong)理論(lun)依(yi)據和(he)技術(shu)(shu)支持(chi)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 廢水來(lai)源與水質

所(suo)用豆制(zhi)品廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)采(cai)用碾磨黃豆得到豆漿，加水(shui)(shui)稀釋配(pei)比得到，廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)組分與豆制(zhi)品企(qi)業排放(fang)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)基(ji)本相同。試驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，CODcr濃度在1000～12000mg/L,BOD5/CODcr在0.45～0.75之間(jian)。

1.2試驗裝置與流程

EGSB+ SPMBR工(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)如圖1所示，兩臺試驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)均由研究所自(zi)制。EGSB反應器采用(yong)(yong)有機(ji)玻璃(li)加工(gong)而成(cheng)，高200cm，直徑25cm，容積為98L，反應器外(wai)層(ceng)包裹循(xun)環(huan)水(shui)管和泡沫保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材料組(zu)成(cheng)的保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)循(xun)環(huan)水(shui)來自(zi)于由溫(wen)(wen)控儀和熱(re)(re)源構成(cheng)自(zi)動(dong)溫(wen)(wen)控系(xi)統的恒溫(wen)(wen)水(shui)槽，反應器內部(bu)溫(wen)(wen)度經過自(zi)動(dong)溫(wen)(wen)控水(shui)浴加熱(re)(re)控制在32～37℃；SPMBR好氧膜生物反應器由有機(ji)玻璃(li)反應器，平(ping)板膜組(zu)件(jian)，及機(ji)電設備和控制系(xi)統組(zu)成(cheng)，反應器容積96L，采用(yong)(yong) PVDF平(ping)板膜，膜面積1m2，最大處理(li)水(shui)量200L/d。

圖1 工藝流程圖

1.3實驗啟動(dong)與運行

EGSB接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)取自(zi)市(shi)政(zheng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水處理廠污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)濃縮(suo)池污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)，經(jing)過沉淀(dian)去除上清液(ye)，接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)濃度12.69 g/L，反應器(qi)內接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)量(liang)為總(zong)有效(xiao)容積的1/3。EGSB反應器(qi)的啟(qi)(qi)動與馴化同時進行(xing)，采(cai)用(yong)低負荷啟(qi)(qi)動，啟(qi)(qi)動初(chu)始進水CODcr=1000mg/L,有機(ji)負荷為0.5 kg COD/m3•d。系(xi)統穩定運行(xing)，去除率達(da)到80%后，開始不(bu)斷提升負荷，每次負荷提升不(bu)超(chao)過30%。

經EGSB處理后的(de)(de)(de)(de)出水進入SPMBR。SPMBR浸沒式好氧(yang)膜生(sheng)物反應器(qi)(qi)是在EGSB穩定運行后開始(shi)啟動，培養(yang)菌種為(wei)就地厭(yan)氧(yang)污泥(ni)，污泥(ni)濃度為(wei)6000mg/L,占總容(rong)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3。由于反應器(qi)(qi)容(rong)積相對較(jiao)大(da)，在試驗過程中采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是低負荷，零污泥(ni)排放的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式運行。

2 結論與討論

2.1 EGSB+ SPMBR系統去(qu)除有機物(wu)CODcr變化情況

EGSB反(fan)應器在啟動初期，進水CODcr濃度為1000mg/L左右，運(yun)行歷時180余天(tian)， EGSB+SPMBR工藝(yi)的(de)(de)聯(lian)合實驗(yan)是在第100天(tian)后進行的(de)(de)。EGSB和(he)SPMBR工藝(yi)的(de)(de)進出水CODcr變(bian)化情(qing)況及去(qu)除率(lv)見圖2。

圖2  EGSB、SPMBR反應器進出水CODcr濃度及去除率的變化

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