GK-ZZFS高科織造廢水“零排放”處理回用技術
來源(yuan)： 閱(yue)讀：4004 更新(xin)時間：2013-02-04 17:11概述
織(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)行業是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)業排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)戶，織(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)具有(you)(you)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)、有(you)(you)機污染物濃度高(gao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質變化(hua)(hua)大(da)等特點(dian)，如(ru)何經(jing)濟有(you)(you)效地處(chu)(chu)理織(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)為(wei)當前環(huan)保(bao)行業關注的話題。目前，關于(yu)織(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理技(ji)術國內基本(ben)以(yi)生化(hua)(hua)法為(wei)主，有(you)(you)的還將化(hua)(hua)學法與之(zhi)串聯，國外也是(shi)(shi)(shi)基本(ben)如(ru)此。實際(ji)開發較(jiao)(jiao)多的是(shi)(shi)(shi)生物法，其(qi)次為(wei)物化(hua)(hua)法，而(er)能達標的技(ji)術應(ying)用較(jiao)(jiao)多的是(shi)(shi)(shi)物化(hua)(hua)法與生化(hua)(hua)法聯合治理技(ji)術，尤其(qi)在處(chu)(chu)理回用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方面(mian)，必需將多種處(chu)(chu)理工(gong)藝優化(hua)(hua)選(xuan)擇(ze)、合理組合，才(cai)能滿足廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深度處(chu)(chu)理要(yao)求。隨著水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源日益短(duan)缺(que)，環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護成(cheng)為(wei)我國越來(lai)越緊迫的問題，中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回用技(ji)術的應(ying)用對(dui)減輕環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染有(you)(you)著重要(yao)的意義(yi)，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)可以(yi)減少(shao)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)，另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)可以(yi)減少(shao)排(pai)污量(liang)(liang)，減少(shao)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)放而(er)減輕水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的凈化(hua)(hua)負擔，使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承(cheng)載(zai)能力和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)提高(gao)。
高科公司(si)(si)針對以上情況，結合(he)多(duo)年從事污水(shui)治理(li)的實際經(jing)驗，大膽探索、創(chuang)新，對現有技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的工藝進行優化、改進，從而組合(he)出系列具(ju)有技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性、創(chuang)新性的回用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)處理(li)工藝。自公司(si)(si)成立以來，我公司(si)(si)成功完成多(duo)個織造廢(fei)水(shui)處理(li)項目(mu)，為(wei)企業(ye)創(chuang)造了良好的經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)效益(yi)(yi)和(he)社會效益(yi)(yi)，其(qi)中(zhong)我公司(si)(si)織造廢(fei)水(shui)綜(zong)合(he)處理(li)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)工程(cheng)(cheng)“廈門東綸織造有限公司(si)(si)廢(fei)水(shui)處理(li)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)工程(cheng)(cheng)”，經(jing)評審(shen)被確認為(wei)2008年國(guo)家重(zhong)點環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護實用(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)示范(fan)工程(cheng)(cheng)，并由中(zhong)國(guo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護產業(ye)協會授(shou)予相關證明。
示范工藝流程
織造廢水“零排放”示范處理工藝路線如下：
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工藝說明
（1）車間產(chan)生的織造廢(fei)水(shui)和廠區生活污水(shui)，通過廠區廢(fei)水(shui)管線，匯集(ji)到裝有格柵(zha)（網）的格柵(zha)槽，以(yi)(yi)去除大顆粒的固(gu)體(ti)懸浮物，再經隔油池自流(liu)進入調(diao)節(jie)(jie)池。在調(diao)節(jie)(jie)池進行(xing)水(shui)量調(diao)節(jie)(jie)、均衡水(shui)質，并使(shi)部分復雜大分子有機物降解(jie)為簡單小分子有機物，以(yi)(yi)提高廢(fei)水(shui)可生化性。廢(fei)水(shui)進行(xing)水(shui)質調(diao)節(jie)(jie)后(hou)用泵輔送至接觸氧化池進行(xing)生物處(chu)理。
（2）接(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化(hua)池是一種以生物(wu)(wu)膜法為主，兼有活性污泥法的(de)生物(wu)(wu)處(chu)理系統，通過風(feng)機提(ti)供氧(yang)源(yuan)，水中有機物(wu)(wu)被(bei)微生物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)附、降解。接(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化(hua)池采(cai)用立體彈性填(tian)料(liao)。該填(tian)料(liao)比表面積較大，不(bu)易(yi)使生物(wu)(wu)膜結成(cheng)球(qiu)團，接(jie)觸(chu)氧(yang)化(hua)池布氣系統采(cai)用微孔曝(pu)氣器(qi)曝(pu)氣。該裝置(zhi)具有氣泡小、傳氧(yang)效率(lv)高(gao)、布氣均勻(yun)，且(qie)不(bu)易(yi)堵塞的(de)特(te)點(dian)。
（3）接觸(chu)氧氣池出水(shui)(shui)(shui)自流進(jin)入(ru)混凝沉(chen)淀(dian)池進(jin)一(yi)步處理。加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量的藥劑(ji)溶液進(jin)行混凝和絮(xu)凝反應，通過混凝劑(ji)的吸(xi)附、中和、表面接觸(chu)作(zuo)用(yong)，以及在絮(xu)凝劑(ji)的作(zuo)用(yong)下，水(shui)(shui)(shui)中細小懸(xuan)浮物相互口(kou)結成大塊懸(xuan)浮物，從(cong)而加(jia)速了固液分離過程，提高了沉(chen)淀(dian)效果。混凝沉(chen)淀(dian)池出水(shui)(shui)(shui)各(ge)項(xiang)指標(biao)均可(ke)達到《廈門市水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)物排放控制標(biao)準》（DB35/322-1999）中紡織印(yin)染(ran)行業(ye)的一(yi)級排放標(biao)準。
污水經(jing)前半(ban)段處理后(hou)，由于其COD、BOD、懸浮物、金(jin)屬離子(zi)濃度(du)仍高于項(xiang)目(mu)生產用水要求。因此，處理系統采用了(le)除鐵除錳裝置、無閥濾池、生物炭(tan)床濾池及一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)軟化(hua)(hua)設備對回用水進(jin)行深度(du)處理。
（4）由于生(sheng)產(chan)用水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含有鐵、錳(meng)(meng)(meng)等金(jin)屬元素，在(zai)循(xun)環回用的過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)然造(zao)成鐵、錳(meng)(meng)(meng)長期沉積(ji)(ji)。影響(xiang)用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)和(he)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)，所以(yi)設計一套除(chu)鐵除(chu)錳(meng)(meng)(meng)裝置。通過(guo)錳(meng)(meng)(meng)砂的吸附、氧化作用去除(chu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的Fe2+、Mn2+。出(chu)水(shui)(shui)經(jing)過(guo)無閥濾(lv)池(chi)，濾(lv)池(chi)選用粒徑1.0-1.5mm的石英(ying)砂為均質(zhi)濾(lv)料，利用濾(lv)層的截污、納污能力進一步(bu)去除(chu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的細小懸浮物質(zhi)，并可防止水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)殘留的懸浮物和(he)菌(jun)膠團在(zai)后續處理裝置中(zhong)(zhong)沉積(ji)(ji)和(he)滋生(sheng)繁衍造(zao)成堵塞。
（5）出水(shui)進入生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)炭床濾池，利用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)炭床中(zhong)活性炭顆粒(li)的(de)吸附(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)及附(fu)著微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)降(jiang)解作(zuo)用(yong)，進一步去除廢水(shui)中(zhong)小部分剩(sheng)采的(de)懸浮(fu)物(wu)(wu)和(he)有(you)機物(wu)(wu)。由于生(sheng)(sheng)化處理(li)處水(shui)中(zhong)不可(ke)避免的(de)含(han)有(you)一定細菌和(he)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)，為確保用(yong)水(shui)安全(quan)，對回用(yong)水(shui)進行消毒處理(li)。本工藝采用(yong)二氧化氯消毒法，該方法安全(quan)、可(ke)靠(kao)、運行費(fei)用(yong)極低，可(ke)確保各項(xiang)指(zhi)標(biao)均能達到衛生(sheng)(sheng)學指(zhi)標(biao)。
（6）消毒后的廢水小部分作為廠區綠(lv)化(hua)用水，大部分進入(ru)一體化(hua)軟化(hua)設備。通過(guo)離子交(jiao)換(huan)軟化(hua)系統去(qu)除水中Ca、Mg等離子，確保出水硬(ying)度達(da)到回用水要求。
一(yi)體化軟化設備出水即(ji)可達到回用水標準。
（7）混凝沉淀池(chi)產(chan)生的污(wu)泥通過污(wu)泥泵排(pai)入污(wu)泥濃(nong)縮(suo)池(chi)進行濃(nong)縮(suo)減(jian)量，再由廂式壓濾機脫(tuo)水干化(hua)。干污(wu)泥用(yong)于廠區綠化(hua)堆肥，節(jie)省了污(wu)泥外(wai)運(yun)和填埋費用(yong)，達到(dao)清潔(jie)生產(chan)的目的。
主要技術經濟指標
工藝(yi)經優化組(zu)合后(hou)(hou)，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)廈(sha)門東綸(lun)織造有(you)(you)限公(gong)司廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工程項目。項目實施前(qian)，公(gong)司廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)全部排入(ru)原有(you)(you)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)站進行處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)工藝(yi)簡單(dan)、技(ji)術落后(hou)(hou)，出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一般(ban)很(hen)難達(da)標(biao)排放，不僅造成水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)大量浪費(fei)(fei)(fei)，而且污染了周邊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)。項目實施后(hou)(hou)，污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經該組(zu)合工藝(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)，各主要污染指標(biao)如COD、BOD、SS、硬度以(yi)及金屬離子(zi)等削減率均(jun)(jun)達(da)到(dao)(dao)92%以(yi)上，出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)城市雜用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準和(he)中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準，均(jun)(jun)能滿足廠(chang)區綠化用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)車(che)間用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要求。經核算，該項目廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)至中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準，系統日直接運行費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)僅為(wei)3231.9元，處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)單(dan)位污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)日運行費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)僅為(wei)0.646元/噸(dun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，每噸(dun)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遠低于(yu)(yu)(yu)現行工業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)價格，平均(jun)(jun)日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)9686.1元，年用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)280多(duo)萬(wan)，經濟效益顯著。
先進性和創新性分析
該項目能有(you)如(ru)此顯著的處理效(xiao)果和經濟性，關鍵在(zai)于對現有(you)技術的工藝(yi)進(jin)行優化、改進(jin)，從而組合出一(yi)套技術性、創(chuang)新性的回(hui)用處理工藝(yi)。
（1）處(chu)理工藝各處(chu)理單元采用(yong)經(jing)(jing)工程實踐證(zheng)明是行之有效、技術經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)明顯、適(shi)應性強(qiang)、效果穩定(ding)的型(xing)式，經(jing)(jing)優(you)化組合后(hou)充分保證(zheng)處(chu)理后(hou)出水(shui)達到回用(yong)水(shui)要求。
（2）通過對生(sheng)產工藝節水(shui)技術改造，實現部分(fen)廢(fei)水(shui)直接在車間內循環(huan)使用(yong)，大大節約(yue)了用(yong)水(shui)和減少排水(shui)，是一種(zhong)很好的節約(yue)水(shui)資(zi)源方式(shi)。
（3）在節能方面，項目在平(ping)面布置上(shang)盡量使(shi)各(ge)建筑之(zhi)間流(liu)線(xian)便捷暢通，減少水(shui)頭損失。
（4）所(suo)選用設備均(jun)為高效、低能耗(hao)設備，以節約日運行(xing)成本(ben)。該項目(mu)實(shi)施后，不(bu)僅具有顯著的節能、節水、節約資源，降低建設和運行(xing)成本(ben)，而且實(shi)現了污(wu)水循環利用，減少了污(wu)染(ran)物排放(fang)。
